The AFLP technique rapidly generates hundreds of highly replicable DNA markers, thus allowing high resolution genotyping. Among many researchers, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) is the marker technology of choice since it combines the reliability of classical restriction-based fingerprinting with the speed and convenience of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based marker techniques ( Das et al., 2011, Lu et al., 2002, Anderson et al., 1993). Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers are useful in detecting genetic polymorphisms between and within the species by generating a large number of markers that target multiple microsatellite loci distributed across the genome ( Das et al., 2011). The major challenge associated with any molecular method is to determine the appropriate taxonomic level at which it is most informative and to correlate it with morphologically definable taxonomic groupings. Molecular markers are used as the taxonomic aid because of advantages of high polymorphism, non-pleiotropy and clear identifying alleles, etc. The quantification of similarity, however, can be easily realized by using molecular techniques. Such characters simply offered each species a relative, but arbitrary location in the genus, without any quantification of similarity. In the traditional taxonomy of Hedychium, the taxonomic characters are in bract arrangement, number of flowers per bract and petal colors. The data on genetic similarity is a mandatory requirement to study the evolutionary history of a species, as well as for other studies, such as intraspecific variations, genetic resources conservation, etc. For any future analysis using Hedychium, it may be practical to have information regarding the genetic relatedness of all species. So there is an urgent need for sustainable management to conserve the germplasm however sustainable management has so far not succeeded and further aggravating the extinction. Species level taxonomy of Zingiberaceae propagating vegetatively is unresolved because morphological differences are inconclusive due to the short lived flowers and owning to the fact that plants flower in monsoon season. Also, the genus is facing the loss of genetic diversity, due to uncontrolled uprooting of the rhizome and the whole plant in huge quantities for preparation of traditional herbal medicine. In addition, high intra and interpopulation variation has led to a debate concerning species concepts and boundaries. In spite of huge ornamental and medicinal significance, limited knowledge is available for many members of Hedychium. The medicinal efficacies of the essential oil extracted from leaves, flowers and rhizomes of these plants including cercaricidal properties ( Warren and Peters, 1968), molluscicidal activity ( Saleh et al., 1982), antimicrobial activities ( Gopanraj et al., 2005), and anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects ( Shrotriya et al., 2007) are well established. Hedychium species are widely cultivated for their perfume, as a useful raw material for manufacturing paper, medicinal and for its horticultural significance. Köenig ( Zingiberaceae) is an economically important genus, consisting of 65 species worldwide of which Northeast (NE) India has the highest species concentration (24 out of 65) ( Wood et al., 2000). Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias Print version ISSN 01200690 Rev Colom Cienc Pecua vol. NTSYS PC VERSION 2.2 SOFTWARESoftware for multivariate statistics and data analysis cluster analysis, ordinations, computation of similarity and dissimilarity. NTSYS PC VERSION 2.2 WINDOWSThe program takes advantage of the Windows environment and allows long file. NTSYSpc can be used to discover pattern and structure in multivariate data. Molecular characterization of nitrogenfixing bacteria isolated from brazilian agricultural plants at So Paulo state. Ntsys Pc Version 2.2' title='Ntsys Pc Version 2.2' />ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY. S-1fig4.jpeg' alt='Ntsys Pc Version 2.2' title='Ntsys Pc Version 2.2' />Established in 1. Kinesis prides itself in the supply of quality chromatography and liquid handling consumables, instrumentation and service. IDEX Health Science Complete Catalogue Published on Jan 1, 2. IDEX Health Science Complete Catalogue by Kinesis.
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